Which of the following are examples of modifiable risk factors for chronic disease?

• A. Age and genetics
• B. Diet and physical activity
• C. Blood type
• D. Gender

Answer: (B)

Modifiable risk factors are behaviors or conditions you can change to lower the chance of developing a chronic disease. Diet and physical activity fit this because adjusting what you eat and how much you move can directly influence weight, blood pressure, cholesterol, and blood sugar—key drivers of diseases like heart disease and diabetes.

Age and genetics are not changeable, and gender is fixed, so they aren’t considered modifiable. Blood type isn’t a typical chronic-disease risk factor you can modify. So diet and physical activity are the clear example of modifiable factors. Making healthier dietary choices and staying physically active can meaningfully reduce chronic-disease risk.