Which statement correctly differentiates confounding from mediation?

• A. Both biases distort the association in the same way.
• B. Confounding explains part of the causal pathway, while mediation distorts the exposure-outcome relationship.
• C. Confounding distorts the exposure-outcome relationship; mediation explains part of the causal pathway from exposure to outcome.
• D. Mediation is a type of bias that arises from misclassification.

Answer: (C)